|
S. No.
|
Botanical name
|
Family
|
Common name
|
Distribution
|
Part Used
|
Utilization
|
|
1
|
Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. Moench.
|
Malvaceae
|
Gumbo, Okra, Bhindi
|
Cultivated throughout India upto 1,200 m.
|
Stalks
|
Stalk yields a blast fibre for making ropes.
|
|
3
|
Abroma angusta Linn.
|
Sterculiaceae
|
Devil’s cotton, Ulatkambal
|
Throughout the hotter parts of India
|
Stem
|
Stem yields fibre suitable for mixing with jute for twines, sack-cloth, cordage, matting, fishing-lines and hessian. Bark fibre soft, pale and also employed for making ropes.
|
|
4
|
Adina cordifolia Benth. & Hook. f.
|
Rubiaceae
|
Yellow wood, Haldu
|
Throughout India in dry forest from Kumaon to Sikkim.
|
Leaves, wood
|
Leaves lopped as fodder. Wood pulp good for manufacturing wrapping, writing and printing papers.
|
|
5
|
Annona squamosa L.
|
Annonaceae
|
Custard apple, Sharifa
|
Cultivated throughout India; Naturrally especially in the W. Peninsula.
|
Young twigs
|
Young twigs yield and inferior quality of fibre which is used for making brushes and cordages by ‘Bhil’ and ‘Saharia’ tribes of Kota district.
|
|
6
|
Bacopa monniri (L.) Wettsein.
|
Scrophulariaceae
|
Thyme leaved Gratiola; Brahmi
|
Throughout India upto 1,300 m
|
Plant
|
Plant used as fodder.
|
|
7
|
Bauhinia variegate Linn.
|
Fabaceae
|
Karayalae, Kachnar
|
Chir forest throughout India upto 1,800 m.
|
Leaves, bark
|
Source of fodder for feeding all classes of livestock throughout the winter. Bark yields a fibre for ropes.
|
|
8
|
Berberis asiatica Roxb.
|
Berberidaceae
|
Indian berberry, Chitra
|
Throughout the area between 900-3,300 m in Himalaya & Nilgiris.
|
Leaves
|
Browsed by cattle, sheep and goats.
|
|
9
|
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.
|
Verbenaceae
|
Perfumed cherry, Sumali
|
Kashmir to Assam and Arunachal Pradesh: 300– 2,000 m.
|
Leaves
|
Leaves fed to cattle during scarcity in winter season.
|
|
10
|
Capparis sepiaria L.
|
Capparidaceae
|
Indian caper, Kanthari
|
Throughout India
|
Leaves
|
Leaves used for fodder purposes.
|
|
11
|
Celastrus paniculatus Willd.
|
Celasteraceae
|
Black oil plant, Makangni
|
Throughout India upto 1,800 m.
|
Bark
|
Bark fibre used for sealing the rims of musical instruments.
|
|
12
|
Daphne cannabina Hook. f.
|
Thymelaeaceae
|
Nepal paper plant, Satpura
|
Temperate Himalaya (Chamba to Bhutan). Khasia & Naga Hills, Manipur.
|
Bark
|
Bark fibre good for tying purposes.
|
|
13
|
Deeringia amaranthoides Merril.
|
Amarantaceae
|
Lemon
|
Sub-Himalayan tract from Chenab to Bhutan, Bihar, Bengal, Assam.
|
Leaves
|
Leaves much valued as a fodder and said to enhance lactation in cows.
|
|
14
|
Dolichos lablab Linn.
|
Fabaceae
|
Indian butter bean, Sem
|
Cultivated throughout India 1,800-2,200 m.
|
Pods
|
Used as fodder.
|
|
15
|
Eichinochola stagnina Beauv.
|
Poaceae
|
Banti, Dul
|
Throughout India
|
Grass blades
|
Used as rich fodder for horses and cattle
|
|
16
|
Eichhornia crassipes Solms.
|
Pontederiaceae
|
Water hyacinth, Jalakhumbi
|
Tropical regions of India
|
Leaves
|
Leaves eaten by cattle and horses during summer and also a source of cellulose for the manufacture of cover paper.
|
|
17
|
Emblica officinalis Gaertn.
|
Euphorbiaceae
|
Emblic myrobalan, Amla
|
Commonly grown in India upto 1,800m
|
Leaves
|
Leaves and fruits used as fodder.
|
|
18
|
Ficus glomerata Roxb.
|
Moraceae
|
Cluster tree, Gular
|
Outer Himalaya, plain and low hills of India upto 1,000 m.
|
Leaves, fruits
|
Leaves fed to animals in drought and scarcity conditions. Fruits and leaves greedily eaten by cattle and elephants.
|
|
19
|
Furcarea foetida Haw.
|
Amaryllidaceae
|
Mauritius hemp, Sissal
|
Grown in India gardens as an ornamental plant.
|
Leaves
|
Leaf fibre good for cordage, mats, ropes and netting the cots.
|
|
20
|
Garuga Pinnata Roxb.
|
Burseraceae
|
Garuga, Kaikar
|
Throughout India from the Jammu Eastwards to Myanmar and Southwards to the Nilgiri Hills.
|
Leaves, fruits
|
Leaves and fruits used as fodder for cattle.
|
|
21
|
Grewia asiatica L.
|
Tiliaceae
|
Asiatic grewia; Phalsa
|
Cultivated throughout India; generally in the Gangetic plains and E. Bengal
|
Bark
|
Bark fibre for making ropes used for tying purpose.
|
|
22
|
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.
|
Sterculiaceae
|
Bastard cedar, Nipaltunth
|
Warmer parts of India.
|
Leaves, stem
|
Leaves lopped for fodder. Stem fibre considered good for making ropes.
|
|
23
|
Helianthus annuus Linn.
|
Asteraceae
|
Common sun flower, Surajmukhi
|
Throughout India
|
Oil cake, leaves
|
Leaves and oil cake used as fodder for poultry and cattle feed.
|
|
24
|
Hibiscus furcatus Roxb.
|
Malvaceae
|
Gumchi
|
Assam, Chota Nagpur, Mysore, A.P., Kerala
|
Stem
|
Fibre suitable for cordage and ropes
|
|
25
|
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Br.
|
Apocynaceae
|
Black creeper, Dudhi
|
W. Himalaya, upper gangetic plains from Delhi to Bengal, Assam
|
Stem
|
Stem fibre used for fishing nets, ropes, cordage and baskets.
|
|
26
|
Ixora arborea Roxb.
|
Rubiaceae
|
Torch wood ixora, Kota gandhal
|
Gangetic plains of E. India and S. India
|
Leaves
|
Leaves used as fodder for buffaloes.
|
|
27
|
Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.)Andr.
|
Oleaceae
|
Musk jasmine, Chameli
|
Common in the sub-himalayan tract upto 1,000 m and W. Ghats.
|
Leaves
|
Leaves used as fodder.
|
|
28
|
Koeleria cristata Pers.
|
Poaceae
|
Crested hair grass, Mahinghas
|
Grows on high altitude from Nepal to Kashmir.
|
Grass blades
|
Yields good fodder.
|
|
29
|
Lasiosiphon eriocephalus Decne.
|
Thymelaeaceae
|
Wooly-headed gnidia, Ramita
|
Throughout S. India, W. ghats from the Konkan Southwards ascending to 2,000 m on the Nilgiris.
|
Bark
|
Bark fibre useful for tying bundles and paper manufacture.
|
|
30
|
Lepidium apetalum Willd.
|
Brassicaceae
|
Pepper grass
|
Cultivated throughout India & W. Tibet
|
Whole plant
|
Plant used as fodder.
|
|
31
|
Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel.
|
Sapotaceae
|
Butter tree, Mahua
|
Throughout W. Bengal, Bihar, Orrisa, M.P., Punjab, U.P. Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan
|
Leaves
|
Used as fodder for cattle.
|
|
32
|
Momordica balsamina Linn.
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
Balsam apple, Makha
|
Punjab, U.P., Gujarat,N.W. India.
|
Leaves, Stem
|
Leaves and stem used as fodder.
|
|
33
|
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
|
Nymphaeaceae
|
Indian lotus, Kamal
|
Throughout warmer regions of India
|
Leaf-stalks
|
Leaf-stalks yield a fibre
|
|
34
|
Nypa fructicians Wurmb.
|
Arecaceae
|
Nipa palm, Galphal
|
Sunderbans of Bengal, Saurashtra, Andaman Islands
|
Leaves
|
Young leaflets used for wrapping cigarettes and mature ones for coarse mats, baskets and bags.
|
|
35
|
Oroxylum indicum Vent.
|
Bignoniaceae
|
Indian trumpet flower, Arlu
|
Throughout greater parts of India from Himalaya to Sri Lanka upto 1,200 m.
|
Twigs
|
Tree lopped for fodder.
|
|
36
|
Oryza sativa Linn.
|
Poaceae
|
Paddy, Chawal
|
Cultivated throughout India in warmer regions.
|
Rice straw
|
Rice straw valued as fodder.
|
|
37
|
Phoenix dactylifera Linn.
|
Arecaceae
|
Date palm, Khajur
|
Cultivated in some warmer parts of India
|
Spathes, Petioles
|
Fibre from green spathes used for ropes and those from petioles used for making insulating boards.
|
|
38
|
Polygonum aviculare Linn.
|
Polygonaceae
|
The knot grass, Ban natia
|
Kashmir to Kumaon Hills upto 4,000 m. W. Tibet
|
Leaves
|
Leaves used as fodder for sheep and goat.
|
|
39
|
Quercus incana Roxb.
|
Fagaceae
|
Bank oak, Baj
|
Kashmir, H.P., Nepal, Garhwal regions 800-2,000 m.
|
Leaves
|
Leaves used as fodder for cattle, sheep and goats.
|
|
40
|
Ribes rubrum Linn.
|
Grossulariaceae
|
Red currant, Kinkolia
|
Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaon upto 3,500 m.
|
Leaves
|
Leaves browsed by sheep and goats during September-October.
|
|
41
|
Rubus niveus Thunb.
|
Rosaceae
|
Mysore raspberry, Gowriphal
|
Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir to Bhutan
|
Leaves
|
Browsed by sheep and goats during rainy season.
|
|
42
|
Salix viminalis L.
|
Salicaceae
|
Basket willow, Bibsu
|
Kashmir to Sikkim upto 3,000 m.
|
Twigs
|
Twigs good for cordage.
|
|
43
|
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.
|
Sapindaceae
|
Lac-tree, Kusum
|
Kashmir to Garo hills, Bengal. Peninsular Indian upto 900m.
|
Young shoot
|
Young shoots lopped for fodder.
|
|
44
|
Trisetum aestivum L.
|
Poaceae
|
Wheat, Giun
|
Cultivated throughout India.
|
Straw, Green plant
|
Both green plant and straw considered important fodder.
|
|
45
|
Typha latifolia Linn.
|
Typhaceae
|
Elephant grass, Mothitrina
|
Common in Punjab, Deccan & Kutch
|
Leaves
|
Leaves and stem used for making mats, stuffing material, coarse textiles, marine ropes and fishing nets.
|
|
46
|
Ulex europaeus Linn.
|
Fabaceae
|
Furze, Gorse
|
Naturalised on high altitude of India
|
Foliage
|
Browsed by sheep and goats and also useful as a substitute for hay.
|
|
47
|
Urochola panicoides Beauv.
|
Poaceae
|
Kuri, Barajal ganti
|
Cultivated on the plains of W. India
|
Aerial parts
|
Used as a good fodder for horses and cattle.
|
|
48
|
Vicia sativa Linn.
|
Fabaceae
|
Common vetch, Akra
|
Throughout India
|
Whole plant
|
Used as fodder.
|
|
49
|
Vigna acontifolia (Jacq.)
|
Fabaceae
|
Aconite Bean, Basunta
|
Cultivated throughout India
|
Plant
|
Plant used as an excellent fodder for livestock.
|
|
50
|
Wikstroemia indica Mey.
|
Thymelaeaceae
|
Small leaf salago, Chamlia
|
Gardens of Assam and Madras
|
Bark
|
Fibre used for ropes and high grade paper.
|
|
51
|
Withania sominifera Dunal.
|
Solanaceae
|
Aswagandha, Asgandh
|
Throughout drier, Sub tropical India, frequent in W. India.
|
Tender shoots
|
Used as fodder.
|
|
52
|
Yucca aloiffolia Linn.
|
Agavaceae
|
Beer grass, Bhalu ghas
|
Gardens of the tropical regions of India
|
Leaves
|
Fibre suitable for ropes, cordage and string.
|
|
53
|
Zea mays Linn.
|
Poaceae
|
Indian corn, Bhutta
|
Cultivated throughout India.
|
Leaves, stem
|
Leaves and stems used as fodder for cows and other animals.
|
|
54
|
Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.
|
Rhamnaceae
|
Common jujube, Ber
|
Cultivated throughout India.
|
Leaves
|
Tree yields fodder. Leaves fed to silkworms.
|